Anoda kusvika makambani e9W akavharwa, uye nhamba huru yemafekitori yakavharwa nechisimba…
Nekuda kwemitengo yakaderera yevashandi, zvigadzirwa zvakaderera zvekugadzira, uye rutsigiro rwemitemo, Vietnam yakakwezva makambani mazhinji ekunze kuti avake mafekitori muVietnam mumakore achangopfuura.Nyika yave imwe yenzvimbo huru dzekugadzira pasi rose, uye inotova nechishuwo chekuva "fekitori yenyika inotevera"..Zvichivimba nekusimudzira indasitiri yekugadzira, hupfumi hweVietnam hwakakwirawo, huchiita hupfumi hwechina hukuru muSoutheast Asia.
Nekudaro, denda rinotyisa rakonzera kusimukira kwehupfumi hweVietnam kutarisana nematambudziko makuru.Kunyangwe zvaive zvisingaite“nyika yemuenzaniso yekudzivirira denda”kare, Vietnam kwave“asina kubudirira”gore rino pasi pesimba reDelta virus.
Makambani anoda kusvika 90,000 akavharwa, uye makambani anopfuura makumi masere eUS "akatambura"!Hupfumi hweVietnam hwakatarisana nematambudziko makuru
Musi wa8 Gumiguru, vanhu vakakosha muVietnam vakataura kuti nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda, kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwenyika gore rino kungangoita 3% chete, iyo yakaderera zvakanyanya pane yakambotarwa chinangwa che6%.
Kunetseka uku hakusi pasina.Maererano nehuwandu hweVietnam Statistics Bureau, muzvikamu zvitatu zvekutanga zvegore rino, makambani anosvika 90,000 akamisa kushanda kana kuparara, uye 32,000 vavo vakatozivisa kuparara kwavo, kuwedzera kwe17.4% zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete yapfuura. gore..Nyaya yekuti mafekitori eVietnam haavhure mikova yawo haingokanganisa hupfumi hwenyika chete, asiwo "inokanganisa" makambani ekunze akaisa maodha.
Ongororo iyi yakaratidza kuti hupfumi hweVietnam muchikamu chechitatu hwakanga hwakashata, kunyanya nekuti denda rakaramba richiwedzera panguva iyi, mafekitori akamanikidzwa kuvhara, maguta akamanikidzwa kuvhara, uye kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakarohwa zvakanyanya ...
Zhou Ming, anogadzira mbozhanhare dzekare uye nharembozha muHanoi, Vietnam, akati bhizinesi rake harigone kutengeswa mukati, saka ikozvino rave kungoonekwa sehupenyu hwekutanga.
“Mushure mekuputika kwedenda, bhizinesi rangu rinogona kunzi harina kujeka.Kunyange zvazvo basa richigona kutangwa munzvimbo dzine denda risina kunyanya kunyanyisa, kupinda nekubuda kwezvinhu kunorambidzwa.Midziyo inogona kubuda mutsika mukati memazuva maviri kana matatu ikozvino yakamiswa kusvika hafu yemwedzi kuenda kumwedzi mumwe.Muna Zvita, kurongeka kwakadzikira. ”
Zvinonzi kubva pakati paChikunguru kusvika pakupera kwaGunyana, 80% yemafekitori eshangu eNike uye inenge hafu yemafekitori ayo embatya kumaodzanyemba kweVietnam yakavharwa.Kunyange zvichinzi fekitari ichatangazve basa muzvikamu muna Gumiguru, zvichatora mwedzi yakati wandei kuti fekitori itange kugadzira zvizere.Kukanganiswa nekusakwana kwekupa, mari yekambani mukota yekutanga yegore rezvemari 2022 ichiri yakaderera pane yaitarisirwa.
CFO Matt Friede akati, "Nike yakarashika angangoita mavhiki gumi ekugadzirwa muVietnam, izvo zvakagadzira gaka rekuverenga."
Pamusoro peNike, Adidas, Kochi, UGG uye mamwe makambani eUS ane kugadzirwa kwakawanda muVietnam zvese zvakakanganiswa.
Vietnam payakabatwa zvakanyanya nedenda uye cheni yekugovera yakakanganiswa, makambani mazhinji akatanga "kufunga patsva": Zvakanga zvakanaka here kufambisa kugona kwekugadzira kuVietnam?Mumwe mukuru weimwe kambani yemunyika dzakawanda akati, “Zvakatora makore 6 kuvaka cheni yekutenga zvinhu muVietnam, uye zvakangotora mazuva matanhatu kuti zvipere.”
Mamwe makambani ari kutoronga kutamisa masimba avo ekugadzira kudzokera kuChina.Semuenzaniso, CEO wechimwe chikwata cheshangu dzekuAmerica akati, "China parizvino ndeimwe yenzvimbo shoma pasi pano dzinogona kuwanikwa zvinhu."
Nezve denda uye hupfumi huchiridza alarm, Vietnam iri kunetsekana.
Musi wa1 Gumiguru, maererano neTVBS, Ho Chi Minh Guta, Vietnam, yakasiya zero reset uye yakazivisa kusimudzwa kwekudzivirira denda mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura, zvichibvumira mapaki emaindasitiri, mapurojekiti ekuvaka, zvitoro, uye maresitorendi kuti atangezve mabasa. .Pana October 6, mumwe munhu akarovedzana nenhau yacho akati: “Iye zvino tiri kutangazve basa zvishoma nezvishoma.”Dzimwe fungidziro dzinoti izvi zvinogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekutama kwefekitari yeVietnam.
Nhau dzichangoburwa muna Gumiguru 8 dzinoratidza kuti hurumende yeVietnamese icharamba ichimanikidza chirimwa muNen Tak Second Industrial Zone muDong Nai Province kumisa basa kwemazuva 7, uye nguva yekumisa ichawedzerwa kusvika Gumiguru 15. Izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo kumiswa kwemakambani eJapan mumafekitori munzvimbo iyi kuchawedzerwa kusvika kumazuva makumi masere nematanhatu.
Kuti zvinhu zvinyanye kuoma, panguva yekuvharwa kwekambani kwemwedzi miviri, vashandi vazhinji vekuVietnam vakadzokera kumisha yavo, uye zvakaoma kumakambani ekunze kuwana vashandi vakakwana kana vachida kutangazve kugadzira panguva ino.Sekureva kweBaocheng Group, mugadziri weshangu ane mukurumbira pasi rose, chete 20-30% yevashandi vayo vakadzokera kubasa mushure mekunge kambani yaburitsa chiziviso chekutangazve.
Uye iyi ingori microcosm yemafekitori mazhinji muVietnam.
Kushomeka kwevashandi vehodha kaviri kunoita kuti zviome kumakambani kuti atangezve basa
Mazuva mashoma apfuura, hurumende yeVietnamese iri kugadzirira kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzira hupfumi.KuVietnam maindasitiri emachira, embatya neshangu, yakatarisana nematambudziko maviri makuru.Imwe ndeyekushomeka kwemaodha emufekitari uye imwe yacho kushomeka kwevashandi.Zvinonzi chikumbiro chehurumende yeVietnam chekutangisazve basa uye kugadzirwa kwemabhizinesi ndechekuti vashandi mumabhizinesi anotanga basa uye kutangazve kugadzira anofanirwa kunge ari munzvimbo dzisina denda, asi mafekitori aya ari munzvimbo dzedenda, uye vashandi havagone kudzoka. kushanda.
Kunyanya kumaodzanyemba kweVietnam, uko denda rakanyanyisa, kunyange kana denda riripo muna Gumiguru, zvakaoma kudzorera vashandi vepakutanga kuti vashande.Vazhinji vavo vakadzokera kumataundi okumusha kwavo kuti vadzivise denda;kuvashandi vatsva, nekuda kwekushandiswa kwekugariswa kwevanhu munharaunda muVietnam yose, Kuyerera kwevashandi kunorambidzwa zvakanyanya, uye zvakangooma zvakaoma kuwana vashandi.Gore risati rapera, kushomeka kwevashandi mumafekitari eVietnam kwakakwira kusvika 35% -37%.
Kubva pakatanga denda kusvika parizvino, maodha ekutengesa shangu eVietnam akarasika zvakanyanya.Zvinonzi muna Nyamavhuvhu, inenge 20% yeshangu zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze zvakarasika.MunaSeptember, pakanga paine kurasikirwa kwe40% -50%.Chaizvoizvo, zvinotora hafu yegore kubva pakutaurirana kusvika kusaina.Nenzira iyi, kana iwe uchida kugadzira iyo kurongeka, ichave gore gare gare.
Parizvino, kunyangwe iyo indasitiri yeshangu yeVietnam ichida kutangazve basa nekugadzira zvishoma nezvishoma, pasi pemamiriro ekushomeka kwemirairo nekushanda, zvakaoma kuti makambani atangezve basa nekugadzira, ndoda kutangazve kugadzira denda risati rasvika.
Saka, kurongeka kuchayerera here kuChina?
Mukupindura dambudziko iri, makambani mazhinji ekunze ashandisa China sedengu rekutengesa kunze
Fekitori yekuVietnam yeHook Furnishings, kambani yakagadzwa yekuAmerica yakanyorwa fenicha, yakamiswa kubva Nyamavhuvhu 1. VaPaul Hackfield, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wezvemari, VaPaul Hackfield, vakati, “Bayesheni reVietnam harina kunyanya kunaka, uye hurumende iri kukurumidza kuvharwa kwemafekitori. .”Padivi rekuda kwevatengi, mirairo mitsva uye kumashure kwakasimba, uye kutumira kunokonzerwa nekuvharwa kwemafekitori muVietnam kuchavharwa.Ichaonekwa mumwedzi iri kuuya.
Pauro akati:
“Takadzokera kuChina pazvaidiwa.Kana isu tichinzwa kuti nyika yagadzikana zvakanyanya, izvi ndizvo zvatichaita. "
CFO yaNike Matt Fried akati:
"Chikwata chedu chiri kuwedzera kugadzirwa kweshangu kune dzimwe nyika uye kuendesa kugadzirwa kwembatya kubva kuVietnam kuenda kune dzimwe nyika, seIndonesia neChina ...
Roger Rollins, CEO weDesigner Brands, dhizaini hombe-shangu uye zvishongedzo, kugadzira uye mutengesi muNorth America, akagovana ruzivo rwevezera vachiendesa cheni dzekugovera uye kudzokera kuChina:
"Mumwe CEO akandiudza kuti zvakamutorera mazuva matanhatu kuti apedze basa rekutengesa (transfer) iro rakatora makore matanhatu zvisati zvaitika.Funga nezvekuti isimba rakadii rakashandiswa nemunhu wese asati abva kuChina, asi iko zvino kwaunogona kutenga zvinhu China Chete-inopenga, kunge roller coaster. "
LoveSac, mutengesi wefenicha ari kukura nekukurumidza muUnited States, akaendesa zvakare maodha ekutenga kune vatengesi vekuChina.
CFO Donna Delomo akati:
"Tinoziva kuti zvinhu zvinobva kuChina zvinokanganiswa nemitengo, izvo zvinotidyira imwe mari, asi zvinotitendera kuchengetedza zvinhu, izvo zvinotipa mukana wekukwikwidza uye zvakakosha kwatiri nevatengi vedu."
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mukati memwedzi mitatu yekuvharirwa kwakasimba kweVietnamese, vatengesi veChinese vaita sarudzo dzekukurumidzira kumakambani makuru epasi rese, asi Vietnam, iyo yakatangazve basa nekugadzira kubva Gumiguru 1, ichawedzerawo kusarudzo dzekugadzira dzemakambani ekugadzira.Variety.
Maneja mukuru wekambani hombe yeshangu muGuangdong akaongorora, “(Mirairo inoendeswa kuChina) Uku kuita kwenguva pfupi.Ndinoziva vashoma kuti mafekitori anodzoserwa kumashure.(Nike, zvichingodaro) Makambani makuru emarudzi akawanda anowanzobhadhara munyika yose.Kune mamwe mafekitari.(Mafekitari eVietnam akavharwa).Kana paine maodha, tinoaitira kumwewo.Iwo makuru anotamiswa ari kuSoutheast Asia nyika, ichiteverwa neChina. "
Akatsanangura kuti mamwe makambani akambotamisa mazhinji emagetsi ekugadzira, uye kwasara kushoma kuChina.Zvakaoma kugadzirisa gap rekugona.Iyo yakajairika tsika yemakambani kuendesa maodha kune mamwe mafekitori eshangu muChina uye kushandisa mitsara yavo yekugadzira kupedzisa mabasa.Panzvimbo yekudzokera kuChina kunogadzira mafekitori uye kuvaka mitsetse yekugadzira.
Kuendesa odha uye kuendesa fekitori pfungwa mbiri, dzine matenderedzwa akasiyana, matambudziko, uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi.
“Kana kusarudzwa kwesaiti, kuvakwa kwechirimwa, kupihwa zvitupa, uye kugadzirwa kukatanga kubva, kutenderera kwefekitori yeshangu kungangoita gore nehafu kusvika maviri.Kumiswa kweVietnam kwekugadzira uye kugadzira kwakatora isingasviki mwedzi mitatu.Kusiyana neizvi, kuendeswa kwemaodha Kwakakwana kugadzirisa dambudziko renguva pfupi.
Kana ukasaendesa kunze kubva kuVietnam, kanzura odha uye uwane imwe nzvimbo?Mukaha uripi?
Mukufamba kwenguva, kunyangwe "mapikoko anobhururuka maodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva" kana kudzoka kwemaodha kuChina, kudyara uye kuendesa kugadzirwa isarudzo dzakazvimirira dzemabhizinesi kutsvaga zvakanakira uye kudzivirira zvinokanganisa.Tariffs, mari yevashandi, uye kupinza basa ndiwo akakosha ekufambisa kwekutamisa maindasitiri kune dzimwe nyika.
Guo Junhong, mukuru mukuru weDongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, akataura kuti gore rakapera vamwe vatengi vakakumbira zvakajeka kuti chikamu chimwe muzana chezvinotakurwa chinofanira kubva kunyika dzeSoutheast Asia dzakadai seVietnam, uye vamwe vatengi vaiva nemafungiro akaoma: “Kana ukasaendesa kunze kwenyika. kubva kuVietnam, uchadzima odha yako wotsvaga mumwe munhu. "
Guo Junhong akatsanangura kuti nekuti kutumira kunze kwenyika kubva kuVietnam nedzimwe nyika dzinogona kunakidzwa nekudzikiswa kwemitero uye kusasununguka kune mitengo yakaderera uye mibairo yakakura, mamwe maOEM ekutengesa kunze kwenyika akatamisa mitsetse yekugadzira kuVietnam nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, iyo "Made in Vietnam" label inogona kuchengetedza purofiti yakawanda kupfuura iyo "Made in China" label.
Musi wa5 Chivabvu 2019, VaTrump vakazivisa mutero we25% paUS$250 bhiriyoni yezvinotengeswa neChina kuUnited States.Zvigadzirwa, michina yemumaindasitiri, midziyo yemumba, mikwende, shangu, uye zvipfeko idambudziko rakakura kumakambani ekutengeserana ekunze anotora nzira yekuwana purofiti shoma asi nekukurumidza kuchinja.Kusiyana neizvi, Vietnam, neUnited States seyechipiri pakukura mutengesi, inopa marapirwo akasarudzika akadai sekuregererwa kubva kumitero yekunze munzvimbo dzekugadzirisa kunze kwenyika.
Zvisinei, mutsauko muzvipingamupinyi zvemitero unongowedzera kukurumidza kwekufambisa kwemaindasitiri.Kutyaira kwe "peacock inobhururuka kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva" kwakaitika kare denda risati rasvika uye kusawirirana kwekutengeserana kweSino-US.
Muna 2019, ongororo yakaitwa naRabo Research, tangi yekufunga yeRabobank, yakaratidza kuti simba rekutyaira raimbove rekumanikidza kubva mukukwira kwemuhoro.Maererano neongororo yakaitwa neJapan External Trade Organisation muna 2018, 66% yemakambani ekuJapan akaongororwa akati iri ndiro dambudziko ravo guru rekuita bhizinesi kuChina.
Ongororo yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana yakaitwa neHong Kong Trade Development Council muna Mbudzi 2020 yakaratidza kuti nyika nomwe dzeSoutheast Asia dzine zvakanakira mutengo wevashandi, uye muhoro wepamwedzi wepazasi kazhinji uri pasi peRMB zviuru zviviri, izvo zvinofarirwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda.
Vietnam ine chinzvimbo chikuru chevashandi
Nekudaro, kunyangwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia dziine zvakanakira mumanpower uye mutengo wemitero, gaka chairo riripowo zvine chinangwa.
Mumwe maneja weimwe kambani yenyika dzakawanda akanyora imwe nyaya muna May kuti ataure zvakaitika kwaari pakutarisira fekitari muVietnam:
“Handityi jee.Pakutanga, mabhokisi ekunyora uye mabhokisi ekurongedza anotengeswa kubva kuChina, uye dzimwe nguva kutakura kunodhura kudarika kukosha kwezvinhu.Mari yekutanga yekuvaka cheni yekugovera kubva pakutanga haina kuderera, uye kuiswa kwezvinhu kunotora nguva. "
Mukaha uyu unoratidzwawo mumatarenda.Semuenzaniso, mainjiniya muChina ane ruzivo rwakawanda rwebasa remakore gumi-20.Mumafekitori eVietnamese, mainjiniya achangopedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti kwemakore mashoma, uye vashandi vanofanirwa kutanga kudzidziswa nehunyanzvi hwekutanga..
Dambudziko rakanyanya nderekuti manejimendi yemutengi yakakwira.
“Fekitari yakanaka kwazvo haidi kuti vatengi vapindire, vanogona kugadzirisa 99% yematambudziko vari voga;nepo fekitari yakadzokera shure ine zvinetso zuva nezuva uye inoda betsero yavatengi, uye ichaita mhosho dzadzokororwa ndokukanganisa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana.”
Kushanda nechikwata cheVietnamese, anogona chete kusangana nemumwe.
Iyo yakawedzera mutengo wenguva inowedzerawo kuoma kwekutonga.Sekureva kwevari mukati meindasitiri, muPearl River Delta, kuendeswa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa pazuva rimwe chete mushure mekurongeka kwaiswa kwakajairika.MuPhilippines, zvinotora mavhiki maviri kurongedza uye kutumira zvinhu kunze kwenyika, uye manejimendi anofanirwa kurongwa zvakanyanya.
Zvisinei, mikaha iyi yakavanzwa.Kune vatengi vakuru, zvinyorwa zvinoonekwa kune ziso rakashama.
Sekureva kwamaneja wekambani yepasi rose, pamidziyo yakafanana yebhodhi redunhu pamwe nemari yevashandi, makotesheni eVietnam muchikamu chekutanga aive akachipa ne60% pane mafekitori akafanana muChina.
Kurova pamusika nemutengo wakaderera mukana, kufunga kweVietnam kushambadzira kune mumvuri wekare weChina.
Nekudaro, vazhinji vemukati meindasitiri vakati, "Ndine tarisiro huru nezve tarisiro yeindasitiri yekugadzira yeChina zvichibva pakusimba kwetekinoroji nekuvandudzwa kwedanho rekugadzira.Hazvigoneke kuti musasa wekugadzira ubve kuChina! "
CHINA HUYA.JINANUBO CNCMACHINERY CO.LTD HUYAI….
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-19-2021